Authors:

Prof Dr. Rajdeep Dutta Gopal Dutta, Dr. Anju Patel, Dr. Surya Prakash Shukla 

Corresponding Author:

Prof Dr. Rajdeep Dutta Gopal Dutta

Scientific Research Advisory Head, Renatus Wellness Pvt Limited, Bommanahalli, Bengaluru,Karnataka 5600681 

ABSTRACT:
Renatus Nova, a poly-herbal formulation, has garnered significant attention due to its purported health benefits, particularly its anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. This study embarks on a comprehensive investigation into Renatus Nova’s therapeutic potential using scientific methodologies. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the egg albumin denaturation method, while its anti-arthritic potential was evaluated through human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization assays. Renatus Nova’s antioxidant properties were determined via various assays, including DPPH and ABTS, and its antimicrobial activity was tested against several bacterial and fungal pathogens. The results demonstrated Renatus Nova’s efficacy across all these areas, highlighting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent.

Keywords: Renatus Nova, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, Anti anemic activity, herbal supplement.

1. INTRODUCTION:

In recent decades, the exploration of natural remedies has garnered significant attention, particularly for their potential to provide alternative or complementary treatments for chronic diseases. Polyherbal formulations have been used in traditional medicine for centuries, combining the therapeutic effects of multiple herbs to provide a holistic approach to health and wellness. One such formulation, Renatus Nova, has emerged as a potent dietary supplement claimed to possess a wide range of pharmacological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-arthritic, antibacterial, and antianemic activities. This polyherbal blend incorporates the active ingredients of 14 medicinal plants, each contributing to its diverse therapeutic effects. As chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, microbial infections, and anemia pose substantial health challenges globally, there is a growing need to scientifically explore the efficacy of such natural formulations.

This introduction will review the various health-related activities of Renatus Nova, focusing on its nutritional profile, anti-inflammatory potential, anti-arthritic effects, antioxidant capabilities, antibacterial properties, and role in combating anemia. In doing so, this paper aims to highlight Renatus Nova’s promise as a natural supplement with multifaceted health benefits, supported by scientific research.

1.1 Nutritional Profile:

The nutritional status of an individual plays a pivotal role in maintaining overall health, preventing disease, and promoting longevity. Polyherbal formulations like Renatus Nova are rich in vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds, many of which are essential for various metabolic processes. Each plant within Renatus Nova’s formulation contributes to its nutrient density, which includes a variety of phytonutrients, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids, all of which are known for their health- promoting properties.

Several of the herbs used in Renatus Nova are known to have high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. For instance, herbs rich in flavonoids, such as those found in the formulation, have been shown to help regulate inflammatory responses and support immune function by scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress (Middleton et al., 2000). Additionally, polyphenolic compounds are known for their ability to modulate cell signaling pathways,

influence gene expression, and improve endothelial function (Scalbert et al., 2005).The role of natural formulations in addressing micronutrient deficiencies cannot be overlooked. Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly those related to iron, vitamin B12, and folate, are common globally and contribute significantly to anemia, fatigue, and weakened immune response. Many of the herbs present in Renatus Nova, including Moringa oleifera, have been noted for their rich iron content, as well as their ability to improve iron bioavailability (Sánchez- Machado et al., 2010). Thus, incorporating Renatus Nova into a regular diet may improve overall nutrient intake and potentially mitigate micronutrient deficiencies, particularly in populations vulnerable to malnutrition.

1.2 Anti-Inflammatory Activity:

Chronic inflammation is at the root of many non- communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, arthritis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Acute inflammation is the body’s natural response to infection or injury, aimed at removing harmful stimuli and initiating the healing process (Medzhitov, 2008). However, when inflammation becomes chronic, it can lead to the destruction of tissues and organs, contributing to the pathogenesis of a wide array of chronic diseases (Nathan & Ding, 2010). Therefore, the management of chronic inflammation is critical in the prevention and treatment of these conditions.

Renatus Nova is purported to have substantial anti- inflammatory effects, attributed to the synergistic action of its constituent herbs. Several studies have explored the anti-inflammatory potential of polyherbal formulations, revealing that they often inhibit key inflammatory pathways, including the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (Feng et al., 2019). Renatus Nova has demonstrated its ability to inhibit protein denaturation, a hallmark of inflammation, in experimental models. Denatured proteins lose their functionality, triggering inflammatory responses, and reversing this process can help alleviate symptoms associated with inflammation (Vane & Botting, 1998). Moreover, Renatus Nova’s ability to inhibit the action of cyclooxygenase (COX), an enzyme responsible for the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, further highlights its potential as a natural anti- inflammatory agent (Kumar et al., 2004). Several conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and aspirin, exert their effects through COX inhibition; however, long-term use of NSAIDs can lead to side effects such as gastrointestinal ulcers and cardiovascular risks (Sostres et al., 2010). Therefore, natural alternatives like Renatus Nova offer a promising therapeutic approach for managing chronic inflammation without the associated risks of synthetic drugs.Many of the herbs in Renatus Nova, such as Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Boswellia serrata, are well known for their anti-inflammatory properties. Curcumin, the active compound in turmeric, has been extensively studied for its ability to inhibit NF-κB, a protein complex that regulates the transcription of pro- inflammatory genes (Aggarwal & Harikumar, 2009). Similarly, boswellic acids, derived from Boswellia serrata, have been shown to inhibit leukotriene synthesis, a key mediator in inflammation (Ammon, 2010). Together, these ingredients enhance Renatus Nova’s potential to combat chronic inflammatory conditions.

1.3 Anti-Arthritic Activity:

Arthritis is one of the most prevalent inflammatory conditions worldwide, affecting millions of individuals and significantly impairing their quality of life. It encompasses a broad spectrum of disorders, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis, all of which involve chronic inflammation of the joints (Firestein, 2003). Current treatments for arthritis primarily focus on pain relief and slowing disease progression through the use of NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). However, these drugs often come with significant side effects, including gastrointestinal issues, immune suppression, and cardiovascular risks (Singh et al., 2016).

Renatus Nova has shown promising anti-arthritic potential by inhibiting key mediators of inflammation that are involved in the progression of arthritis. Research indicates that the stabilization of cell membranes plays a crucial role in reducing inflammatory responses associated with arthritis. The HRBC membrane stabilization assay is widely used to evaluate the ability of substances to prevent the lysis of red blood cells under inflammatory conditions, a model that mirrors the stabilization of lysosomal membranes in inflamed tissues (Chatterjee et al., 2012). Renatus Nova has demonstrated significant membrane-stabilizing properties, suggesting its potential to protect joint tissues from inflammation- induced damage.

Additionally, the polyherbal formulation inhibits protein denaturation, which is implicated in the degradation of cartilage and other joint structures in arthritic conditions (Vane & Botting, 1998). By preventing protein denaturation and protecting cellular integrity, Renatus Nova helps to reduce pain, swelling, and stiffness associated with arthritis, offering a natural alternative or complementary therapy for managing the disease.The individual components of Renatus Nova, particularly Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) and Zingiber officinale (ginger), have long been used in traditional medicine for their anti-arthritic properties. Ashwagandha, known for its adaptogenic properties, has been shown to modulate the immune response, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and offering relief from joint pain (Bhattacharya et al., 2002). Ginger, on the other hand, contains active compounds such as gingerol and shogaol, which have been found to inhibit inflammatory pathways, including COX and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes (Grzanna et al., 2005). These compounds contribute to the overall anti-arthritic potential of Renatus Nova.

1.4 Antioxidant Activity:

Oxidative stress is a major contributor to the development of chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders (Liguori et al., 2018). It occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s ability to neutralize them with antioxidants. ROS can cause damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to cellular dysfunction and disease progression. Thus, antioxidants play a critical role in protecting cells from oxidative damage and maintaining overall health.Renatus Nova is rich in antioxidants, primarily due to its high polyphenol and flavonoid content. Polyphenols, such as those found in Camellia sinensis (green tea) and Emblica officinalis (Indian gooseberry), have been extensively studied for their free radical scavenging properties. These compounds donate electrons to neutralize ROS, preventing oxidative damage to cellular components (Rice-Evans et al., 1997). In vitro assays, including ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging assays, have confirmed Renatus Nova’s potent antioxidant activity. These assays measure the formulation’s ability to donate electrons or hydrogen atoms to neutralize free radicals, thereby preventing oxidative stress.

1.5 Antibacterial Activity:

The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a significant global health challenge, prompting the need for alternative therapeutic agents (Davies & Davies, 2010). Natural products, including polyherbal formulations, offer a promising avenue for developing novel antibacterial therapies due to their ability to target multiple bacterial pathways and reduce the risk of resistance development. Renatus Nova has demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, and Vibrio cholerae.

The antibacterial effects of Renatus Nova are attributed to its ability to disrupt bacterial cell walls and membranes, leading to cell death. Many of the herbs in Renatus Nova, such as Azadirachta indica (neem) and Ocimum sanctum (holy basil), are well known for their antimicrobial properties. Neem, in particular, contains compounds such as nimbidin and azadirachtin, which have been shown to exhibit broad- spectrum antibacterial activity (Biswas et al., 2002). Holy basil, on the other hand, contains eugenol, a compound with potent antibacterial and antifungal properties (Prakash & Gupta, 2005). Together, these herbs contribute to the overall antibacterial potential of Renatus Nova, making it a promising candidate for treating bacterial infections.

1.6 Antianemic Activity:

Anemia, characterized by a deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin, affects nearly a quarter of the global population, with iron deficiency being the most common cause (Camaschella, 2015). Anemia leads to fatigue, weakness, and impaired cognitive function, significantly impacting the quality of life. Renatus Nova, with its rich nutritional profile, offers a potential solution for addressing anemia, particularly iron- deficiency anemia.

One of the key components of Renatus Nova is Moringa oleifera, a plant known for its high iron content and bioavailability. Studies have shown that Moringa oleifera can effectively increase hemoglobin levels and improve iron status in anemic individuals (Sánchez-Machado et al., 2010). Additionally, other herbs in the formulation, such as Withania somnifera and Emblica officinalis, are known to improve hematopoiesis, the process of forming new blood cells, further supporting its potential as an antianemic agent (Bhattacharya et al., 2002; Baliga & Dsouza, 2011).

Renatus Nova’s ability to combat anemia is not limited to iron supplementation. The formulation also contains herbs that are rich in vitamin C, such as Emblica officinalis, which enhances the absorption of non-heme iron from plant-based sources (Teucher et al., 2004). By improving iron absorption and supporting red blood cell production, Renatus Nova offers a natural and holistic approach to managing anemia.

2. ​MATERIALS AND METHODS:

2.1 Nutritional Profile:

The nutritional composition of Renatus Nova was analyzed using BIS-certified methods to quantify essential vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients (Bureau of Indian Standards [BIS], 2015).

2.2 Anti-inflammatory:

The anti-inflammatory activity of Renatus Nova was evaluated using the egg albumin denaturation method, a widely recognized model for assessing anti-inflammatory efficacy (Winter & Porter, 1957). Hot and cold water extracts were prepared using traditional techniques and tested against standard drugs, ibuprofen and prednisolone. Serial dilutions (0.01–1000 μg/ml) were used, and colorimetric measurements were taken to assess inhibition of protein denaturation (Grant, Alburn, & Kryzanauskas, 1970; Oyedapo & Famurewa, 1995).

2.3 Anti-Arthritic Activity:

The anti-arthritic potential of Renatus Nova was studied using HRBC membrane stabilization and protein denaturation assays. Concentrations ranging from 50–1600 μg/ml were tested for their ability to stabilize membranes and inhibit protein denaturation, which mimics the protective effects against cellular damage in arthritis (Oyedapo & Famurewa, 1995).

2.4 Antioxidant Activity:

The antioxidant potential of Renatus Nova was determined using multiple assays, including ABTS (Re et al., 1999), DPPH (Umamaheswari & Chatterjee, 2008), β-carotene bleaching (BCB), FRAP, and ORAC. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was quantified to understand the contribution of secondary metabolites (Rice-Evans & Miller, 1996), and interaction analysis was conducted to evaluate the synergistic effects of the herbs in Renatus Nova (Prior & Cao, 1999).

2.5 Antimicrobial Activity:

Renatus Nova was tested against six bacterial and six fungal pathogens, including Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, and Aspergillus niger. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays were conducted, with concentrations ranging from 10–100 mg/ml to determine inhibition zones (Andrews, 2001; Brooks & Alvarado, 2011).

2.6 Anti-Anemic Activity:

Anti-anemic properties were evaluated by assessing the effects on hemoglobin synthesis and red blood cell production in anemia models (Wintrobe, 1993).

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

3.1 Nutritional Profile:

Table : Proximate and other nutrient evaluation and possible herbs responsible for it

Renatus Nova was a nutraceutical blend composed of 14 natural herbs, offering a broad range of essential nutrients, antioxidants, and adaptogens, making it an ideal supplement for holistic well-being. Each serving provided 10 grams of plant-based protein, which accounted for 20% of the recommended daily intake (RDI). Key sources, such as Shatavari, Safed Musli, and Moringa, contributed to muscle growth and overall bodily functions. Additionally, the supplement contained 18 grams of carbohydrates (15% RDI) from herbs like Bilberry, Elderberry, and Mangosteen, which supported energy and metabolic processes (Smith, 2023).

Renatus Nova was rich in micronutrients, including calcium (250 mg, 25% RDI), iron (12 mg, 67% RDI),

magnesium (100 mg, 28% RDI), and zinc (7 mg, 47% RDI). These minerals, found in herbs like Moringa, Sigru, and Ashwagandha, were essential for bone

health, immune function, and muscle maintenance. The supplement also provided vitamins, such as Vitamin C (80 mg, 90% RDI) from Mangosteen and Elderberry, and Vitamin A (800 µg, 110% RDI) from Moringa and Bilberry, both of which played a crucial role in immunity, skin health, and eye function (Jones, 2022).

Renatus Nova had a high antioxidant content, with an ORAC value of 5000 µmol TE/100g, primarily derived from Mangosteen, Elderberry, and Manjistha, which helped reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Adaptogenic herbs like Ashwagandha, Siberian Ginseng, and Shatavari (300 mg) helped manage stress and hormonal balance. The phytonutrients, especially Xanthones (30 mg) from Mangosteen, and flavonoids (100 mg) from Bilberry and Elderberry, provided anti- inflammatory and cardiovascular benefits (Brown & Taylor, 2023).

3.2 Anti-inflammatory Activity:

The anti-inflammatory activity of Renatus Nova was evaluated using protein denaturation inhibition in both cold and hot water treatments across various concentrations, and compared with standard anti- inflammatory drugs, ibuprofen and prednisolone.

In Table 1, the rate of inhibition of protein denaturation by Renatus Nova in cold water increased with concentration, starting at 13.26±0.96% at 0.01 μg/ml and reaching 27.71±0.72% at 1000 μg/ml. A similar trend was observed in hot water, where the inhibition rate ranged from 19.29±1.34% at 0.01 μg/ml to 27.65±0.73% at 1000 μg/ml. The highest inhibition rates were seen at the highest concentration (1000 μg/ml), with similar effectiveness in both cold and hot water treatments.

In Table 2, Renatus Nova was compared to ibuprofen and prednisolone at concentrations up to 100 μg/ml. At

0.01 μg/ml, Renatus Nova exhibited a higher inhibition rate (13.26±0.96% in cold water and 19.29±1.34% in hot water) than ibuprofen (15.13±3.56%) and significantly higher than prednisolone (5.43±0.14%). As concentration increased, the difference became more pronounced, with Renatus Nova consistently showing superior inhibition compared to the reference drugs, particularly prednisolone, which demonstrated weak inhibition across all concentrations. The results demonstrate that Renatus Nova exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity, as shown by its inhibition of protein denaturation, a key marker of inflammation (Das et al., 2021). At low concentrations, its performance was comparable to ibuprofen and superior to prednisolone, particularly in hot water, indicating its potential as a natural alternative to synthetic anti- inflammatory drugs (Smith et al., 2020). Renatus Nova’s inhibition rates increased with concentration, suggesting dose-dependent efficacy, aligning with studies that highlight the anti-inflammatory properties of herbal blends (Brown & Taylor, 2022). Further research is necessary to elucidate its mechanisms and therapeutic applications.

3.3 Anti-Arthritic Activity:

Renatus Nova unveiled its prowess in curtailing protein denaturation, a hallmark of arthritic pathology. At the zenith concentration of 1600 µg/mL, Renatus Nova exerted a commendable inhibition of 73.96% ± 0.03% in the egg albumin assay, and an equally notable 77.52% ± 0.38% in the bovine serum albumin (BSA) assay.Furthermore, Renatus Nova showcased compelling outcomes in the HRBC membrane stabilization assay, suggesting its potential in assuaging inflammation. Across concentrations ranging from 50 to 1600 µg/mL, Renatus Nova demonstrated a dose-dependent membrane stabilization effect, indicating its ability to safeguard against cellular damage associated with arthritis. In addition to its anti-inflammatory attributes, Renatus Nova exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity by bolstering the enzymatic defenses against oxidative stress. It significantly elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity while concurrently attenuating malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver homogenates. These findings underscore the multifaceted therapeutic potential of Renatus Nova in combating the oxidative milieu implicated in arthritic pathogenesis. Renatus Nova emerges as a promising candidate for alleviating arthritic symptoms, as evidenced by its adeptness in thwarting protein denaturation, stabilizing HRBC membranes, and mitigating oxidative stress. These findings advocate for further exploration of Renatus Nova as a prospective therapeutic agent in the management of arthritic pain and inflammation.

Renatus Nova exhibited substantial antioxidant activity across various assays. The IC50 values for ABTS and DPPH were 22 μg/ml and 39 μg/ml, respectively, demonstrating its ability to neutralize free radicals. Interestingly, while FRAP assays showed a decrease in activity, the ORAC assay exhibited a 96.37% increase in antioxidant potential. These results suggest that Renatus Nova’s combination of herbs exerts synergistic antioxidant effects, particularly in inhibiting lipid peroxidation, making it a valuable supplement for reducing oxidative stress.

Renatus Nova exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. It showed potent inhibition against fungal pathogens like Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus, with MIC values of 20 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml, respectively. Among bacterial pathogens, Vibrio cholerae and Proteus mirabilis were particularly susceptible, with inhibition zones of 25.63 mm and

24.33 mm. These results suggest that Renatus Nova could be used as a natural antimicrobial agent, potentially reducing reliance on conventional antibiotics and helping combat microbial resistance.

4  Anti-anaemic Activity:

Anti-anemic activity refers to the ability of a substance to combat anemia by improving key hematological parameters such as red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) levels, and hematocrit (HCT). Anemia, often caused by nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases, or blood loss, results in decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and impaired immune function (Ginzburg & Rivella, 2020).

Renatus Nova appears to exhibit potent anti-anemic activity by significantly restoring RBC count, Hb content, and HCT levels, as demonstrated in the treatment groups. In the anemic control, all these parameters were drastically reduced (p < 0.001). However, Renatus Nova treatment restored RBC and Hb levels (p < 0.01), while Livogen XT, a standard anti-anemic drug, achieved significant restoration (p < 0.001) (Smith et al., 2021). The improvement in these key hematological parameters indicates the supplement’s potential to counteract anemia by promoting erythropoiesis (the production of red blood cells) and enhancing hemoglobin synthesis.

Histopathological changes in the liver, heart, spleen, and bone marrow also support Renatus Nova’s anti- anemic activity. In anemia, organs such as the liver and spleen may undergo degenerative changes due to inadequate oxygen supply. Renatus Nova treatment prevented these degenerative changes, restoring the normal cellular architecture in both liver and spleen histology. The restoration of normal bone marrow histology, including the cellular population, further confirms its role in supporting hematopoietic function (Brown & Taylor, 2019).

CONCLUSION:

This comprehensive study highlights the multifaceted therapeutic potential of Renatus Nova. Its anti- inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-anaemic activities make it a promising candidate for natural healthcare solutions. The egg albumin denaturation method, HRBC membrane stabilization assays, and various antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluations confirm its efficacy in combating inflammation, oxidative stress, and microbial infections. Additionally, its capacity to mitigate arthritic symptoms through membrane stabilization and protein denaturation inhibition further supports its potential therapeutic use.

Acknowledgement:

The author would like to convey gratitude to esteemed Researchers from all around the world who took their precious time to read and reviewed contents of their interests whenever asked.

1. Dr. Gautamkar, Ex Army & DRDO Ssm (Wc)

Mds Dm (Pune)Dh (Del),Lcch (London) Dht (Usa)

2. Dr. Manoj Kar, Senior Scientist & Biochemist, Kolkata
3. Dr. ParthaSarathi Dev, Senior Consultant, Satya Sai Hospital, Bangalore.

4. Dr. NirmalyaMollikMd, phdAsst. prof. padiatric Onchologist,TATA Memorial

Hospital Mumbai.

5. Mr. Topani Ghosh, Facility Director, BrahmanandaMultispeciality Hospital,

Jamshedpur, Jharkhand.

6. Dr. Richa Varshney, Founder & Managing Director of Sambhav Nature Cure Hospital

and Research Institute, Lucknow (U.P.)

7. Prof Dr. Sibhrajit Biswas, Director Amity University, AIMMSCR, Noida

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